The Proscholium display case in the main entrance to the Old Bodleian Library and Divinity School is frequently used as an extension to point the many visitors to this complex of buildings dating back to 1602. For “Alphabets Alive!”, Ron King, Kevin M. Steele and the Movable Book Society’s artists perform the honors.
The poster displayed in the Proscholium case is Ron King’s Alphabet II(1999), captured above Cathy Courtney’s Cooking the Books (2002), a history of King’s Circle Press. Like a signpost, it points to Alphabeta Concertina in the past and the ABC Paperweights in the future, both of which appear in the display case “The ABCs of Form & Structure“.
As the alphabet developed, technology and material also played their role in more considered shaping of letters by scribes, then wood carvers and engravers, then smiths for hot metal type, and ultimately typographers, designers and artists. Kevin M. Steele’s The Movable Book of Letterforms (2009) uses pop-ups, pull tabs, flaps and a volvelle to introduce the viewer the origins and unique characteristics of letterforms.
Published to commemorate the Movable Books Society’s 25th anniversary, A to Z Marvels in Paper Engineering (2018) is aptly subtitled. Above are A by Simon Arizpe and Z by Yevgeniya Yeretskaya. The video below by Christopher Helkey gives 26 brief cameos to the contributing artists in which they demonstrate their marvels.
If ever the dictum “Less is more” applied, it applies here — with miniaturized tongue in cheek, of course. [Links in the captions will take you to more images and details.]
These two miniatures — Albrecht Dürer’s Directions for the Construction of the Text or Quadrate Letters (1993) and Fra Luca de Pacioli’s The Divine Alphabet (1993) — were produced by Tabula Rasa Press for a three-volume set, including Ben Shahn’s The Alphabet of Creation (1954). Although the miniature edition of Shahn remains elusive, the original edition can be seen here.
Mark Van Stone, The Evolution of the Medieval Decorated Letter(1985) In the spirit of medieval illuminators, Van Stone has imitated the hand of twenty-three of what he calls the “semi-precious jewels” of “‘minor’ illumination that usually receives little attention in the Art-History books”.
Carol DuBosch, Embossed Alphabet Gallery (2019).* This gallery structure combines elements of the flag-book and leporello to create a freestanding sculptural book to be read “in the round” — although in the Bodleian exhibition it was fixed in a wall case that allowed 180º view.
Claire Van Vliet, Tumbling Blocks for Pris and Bruce (1996).* A meander-fold book hinged to keep the cube unfolding, refolding and unfolding as it falls from hand to hand.
Carol Cunningham, Alphabet Alfresco(1985). One of several gems created by the founder of the Miniature Book Society (1983).
William Cheney, ABC for Tiny Schools ( 1975). Along with “A was an archer”, the “A was an apple pie” was among the earliest themes for secular alphabet books.
Alphabet Salmagundi(1988) and Golden Alphabet (1986) demonstrate the breadth of Rebecca Bingham’s interest in various periods and techniques of calligraphy.
Another Tabula Rasa Press production, Arthur Maquarie, The Uffizi ABC: a facsimile reproduction in miniature (1992)
Pat Sweet’s wit led her to fill the ancient Egyptians’ previously unperceived need for an alphabet book with Hieroglyphs (2009).
June Sidwell, Lady Letters (1986). Another production by Rebecca Bingham, which also led to a miniature nod to another alphabetist — Erté.
Nicolas McDowall, A Bodoni Charade (1995). Don’t let delight in the verbal/visual punnery distract you from wondering at the skill with type and letterpress needed to pull this off.
Erwin Huebner and Ron King, Alphabeta Concertina Majuscule (2015) and alphabeta concertina miniscule (2022). Miniaturist and microbiologist, Huebner obtained Ron King’s permission to reproduce King’s two signature pop-up alphabets with extraordinary results.
Juniper Von Phitzer, An Alphabet Coloring Book by Theodore Menten (1997). Lloyd L. Neilson compiled the name of his Juniper Von Phitzer Press from the names of his three cats. Theodore Menten had produced a coloring book called The Illuminated Alphabet in 1971 for Dover Publications. Obviously Juniper Von Phitzer could not fail to pounce.
Online Exhibition Bonus!
Many of the ABC books in the collection use the accordion, concertina or leporello structure, but none but Maria G. Pisano’s XYZ (2002) combine fine beaten abaca in two colors and the watermark technique to achieve their effect.
Sometimes called the 27th letter of the alphabet, the & – or the ampersand (meaning ‘and’ by itself) – has long provided artists, typographers and designers with the opportunity to flourish and strut their stuff. Such a curious sign also attracts a fair share of punnery and fun – from Bruce Rogers’ “Ampers&paper” to Jennifer Farrell’s The Well-Traveled Ampersand in which she shapes ampersands with dozens of typographic ornaments to create characters matching the styles of her favourite typographers and their cities.
Paul A. Bennett et al., Diggings from Many Ampersandhogs (1936). The Typophiles was a US-based society of bibliophiles, talented typographers and designers, and incorrigible punsters. The binding of so many varied types of paper (including sandpaper) in such a small volume is a feat in itself.
In this print from Jennifer Farrell’s The Well-Traveled Ampersand(2015-17), she has used typographic fleurons, dashes, ornaments and and several small train carriages to capture Edward Johnston’s ampersand from the typeface designed for the London Underground.
Russell Maret, Hungry Dutch (2016-20). Subscription to the creation of the Hungry Dutch typeface earned its sponsors a matrix, sort and pattern on completion. For the Books On Books Collection, the ampersand was the obvious choice.
Andrew Morrison, Ampersand& (2007). A collector of sets of woodcut type and sorts, Morrison could not deny the ampersands (wormholes and all) their own type book.
That Company Called If, Alphabooks – Ampersand – & (2015). Most altered books aim higher than the decorative, but no celebration of the ampersand in book art would be complete without this carving of a volume from the Readers’ Digest library.
Letters have particular sounds, so why not colors and tastes? Artists have delighted in the phenomenon called synesthesia where information seems to stimulate unrelated senses. Vladimir Nabokov experienced letters as colors, and Sonia Delaunay insists that we remember what C tastes like. The artists in medieval manuscripts painted elaborate letters to highlight important text, illuminating them with gold and color to make them ‘pop’. Květa Pacovská insists that her brightly colored letters don’t just pop, but pop up, and Lisa McGarry returns them to childhood’s alphabet blocks as a reminder: BE AMAZED.
We reflect our world view through our letters*: hornbooks with their religious catechisms; moralizing Victorian alphabet books; and the racist ABC in Dixie. Knowing this, authors and artists use alphabets to disrupt the status quo and raise moral and social concerns: conspiracy paranoia, endangered animals, sexism and racism. [Links in the captions will take you to more images and details.]
Doing the work of learning the ABCs or the International Code of Signals is about memorizing. Doing the work with Mourning/Warning: An Abecedarian (2015) is about memorializing. It signals a warning to present dangers.
In light of Tia Blassingame’s Mourning/Warning, can Louise & George Bonte’s ABC In Dixie (1900?) be simply dismissed as an anachronism?
Wendy Ewald’sAmerican Alphabets (2005) offers a hopeful view and reminder that there is more than one alphabet.
If all alphabets have a world view, can an alphabet be bent and arranged into a new world view? In 2018, the Nova Scotia Chapter of the Global Afrikan Congress facilitated a “book-in-a-day” event to help the children of Halifax create R is for Reparations(2019), which answers that question.
Celebrating role models is another tool in the alphabet-book box for changing world views. In ABCs That Look Like You And Me (2020), the artist Ja’nai Harris uses featureless but allusive portraits onto which the reader is invited to project his or her own features.
Now that A is for Apple Inc. rather than the fruit, Bård Ionson wonders, “What are our children learning as they navigate digital devices vs. when children used wooden tablets with narrow ideas presented with pictograms.” Battledore (2019) explores the implications by using an Augmented Reality app to plunge the viewer into the digital realm.
In Gone Wild: An Endangered Animal Alphabet(2016), David McLimans redraws the alphabet’s capital letters to look like animals not yet extinct but on the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
In Rescuing Q (2023), Suzanne Moore uses her beautiful calligraphy to disassociate the letter Q from QAnon, misinformation and conspiracy-thinking, and restore it to open-minded, open-hearted questions.
Tupoka Ogette’s Ein rassismuskritisches Alphabet(2022) presents another attempt at changing world views — in whatever country they arise.
And sometimes it’s good just to reverse-appropriate “the” alphabet, which Arial Robinson does inThe Modern Day Black Alphabet (2020) with joy and pride.
A Typographic Abecedarium(2015) Ornan Rotem Perfect bound in a softcover case. H174 x W176 mm. 136 pages 1 poster (64 x 48 cm, folded to 16 x 16 cm). Acquired from Devils in the Detail Ltd, 14 March 2023. Photos of the book: Books On Books Collection. Displayed with permission of the artist.
Ornan Rotem calls his book a “photo-typographic essay … a meditation … [e]xploring the relationship between typography and the visual world around us ….” As shown in the double-page spread below, his meditation is shaped across a four dimensional views of the letterform: the four-dimensional, three-dimensional, two-dimensional and the one-dimensional. At the end of the essay, there are 26 miniature essays that will send the reader back to enjoy each letter’s four dimensional entries again.
Everywhere you look you can see an E smiling at you (just saying it induces a smile). In 1969, Georges Perec, whose own name has four Es, tried exorcising the E by writing an esoteric 300-page novel, La disparition, without ever using one. I wonder how he would have felt had he come across this E — which was shot in Paris — when he was writing the novel. ¶ If you want to endow letters with character, then I suppose E would be the lively sort, hence the printed form comes from a 1948 cover of LIFE magazine.
Much is packed into these miniature essays. Naturally for an artist’s book celebrating type, there are the necessary self-referential typographic puns in the one above: character and sort. In all, there is the evidence of the long, multi-place, multi-source contemplative gestation of the work. In the example above, the allusion to Perec’s novel leads to the 1969 photo in Paris (or was it vice versa?). The typographic puns lead to a search for an E from a LIFE cover (again, or was it vice versa?). This circular connectedness over time, text and image highlights the self-referentiality of the genre of the artist’s book.
While the dense allusiveness might suggest that this is a work limited to an adult audience, A Typographic Abecedarium does find favor with a younger audience — no doubt because it speaks to the phenomenon of seeing letters everywhere and in multiple dimensions.
Physical Poetry Alphabet (2018) is a curious work. The Thames & Hudson-style production values combined with the knowledgeable essay in it by Ornan Rotem makes one think of Andrew Robinson’s The Story of Writing, an actual Thames & Hudson book. While the acrobatics of Erika Lemay echo the longstanding tradition of modeling the letters with the human body, followed by Erté, Vítězslav Nezval, Anthon Beeke and Rowland Scherman and so ingeniously summarized by Lisa Merkin, Lemay’s elaborate costumes and the scene design echo the traditions of Hollywood, Las Vegas and the fashion industry, which is not surprising given the involvement of Douglas Kirkland, portrait photographer to the stars. A Typographic Abecedarium strikes its singular target of “photo-typographic essay”. Having too many targets, Physical Poetry Alphabet perhaps misses its several bull’s eyes, but to follow along with its mixed metaphors, it undeniably delivers a shop full of eye candy.
Alongside the alphabet mnemonic “A was an Archer who shot at a frog”, “A was an Apple” was a staple for the early primer publishers such as Dean, John Evans, J.L. Marks and J. & C. Mozley. Kate Greenaway revived it in the 1880s. Among the more interesting successors in the 20th and 21st centuries are Ben Sands (1966) with his bold lino-cuts, Tracy Campbell Pearson (1986) with her lengthy leporello, Allison Murray (2011) with her introduction of animals and Gennady Spirin (2020) with his watercolors echoing Arthur Rackham, the Pre-Raphaelites and the Renaissance. William Cheney’s type and Bela Blau’s binding of it in the ABC For Tiny Schools (1975) bring to it a handmade elegance in miniature.
The Alphabet Effect (2013) Nancy Anderson Trottier Double-sided meander fold. 630 x 630 mm. 24 panels. Edition of 15. Acquired from Bromer Booksellers, 2 August 2022. Photos: Books On Books Collection.
This miniature reproduces a larger unique artist’s book created by Nancy Anderson Trottier. Bound in marbled boards with ribbon ties, the small book’s text concerning art and philosophy meanders among stamped signs and symbols and calligraphed letters of the alphabet printed on both sides of a single sheet cut and following the meander fold structure. When the “pages” are unfolded and rearranged into the single sheet fully extended, the alphabet effect appears. To squeeze 26 letters into 24 panels, the letters e and f are paired on one panel, as are k and l on another.
Alphabet Alfresco (1985) Carol Cunningham Casebound miniature, decorated cloth, colored doublures. H40 x W52 mm. 68 pages. Acquired from Lorson’s Books & Prints, 5 December 2022. Photos: Books On Books Collection.
Carol Cunningham’s Sunflower Press produced many gems like this. Founder of the Miniature Book Society in 1983, Cunningham also produced numerous oil paintings and prints, some of which can be found here.
À l’infini(2007) Květa Pacovská Softcover with protective Mylar attached, exposed spine, sewn with multicolored threads. 270 x 270 x 29 mm. 128 pages. Acquired from Rakuten, 25 November 2022. Photos: Books On Books Collection.
The Buzz Lightyear character of Toy Story and his catchphrase “To infinity and beyond” arrived in 1995. While it seems unlikely that the catchphrase influenced Květa Pacovská, the audience for Á l’infini (2007) and that for Toy Story definitely overlap. In her invitation below, Pacovská explicitly addresses the youngest of her audience: Tu peux regarder chaque lettre, toucher chaque lettre, considérer chaque lettre de façon formelle ou lire chaque lettre à haute voix. Chaque lettre a son propre son, sa propre forme et sa propre couleur. Note leurs différences quand tu les prononces, quand tu écoutes le son de ta voix. [You can look at each letter, touch each letter, consider each letter formally, or read each letter aloud. Each letter has its own sound, shape and color. Note their differences when you pronounce them, when you listen to the sound of your voice.] Above all — literally at the top of the page — she urges the reader: Dis la lettre <<A>> à haute voix jusqu’à ce qu’elle heurte les murs qui l’entourent. [Say the letter “A” out loud until it knocks down the walls surrounding it.], which is what the cut-out A plays outs.
For Pacovská, letters are “the architecture of pleasure”, and À l’infini invites us to play with them in “her city of paper”. Her invitation notes alternative approaches to the book, but the suggestion to walk through it as a paper sculpture is the best and appeal to the child in everyone.
With its collage of cut-outs, pop-ups, spot varnishes, reflective silver ink, letters and, later in the book, numbers, À l’infini is a joyful visual city. Pacovská received the Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1992 for her illustration.
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